Available Candidates

We have over 45,000 registered candidates on our database seeking their next position. Please see below for a selection of available candidates.

Should any of the profiles be of interest, we would be delighted to forward their details.  Click on the title of the candidate and you will automatically be directed to the relevant Consultant. 

 

UPDATED 14th January 2026

 

Private Chefs

Contact Donna for details of any of the below da@exclusivehouseholdstaff.com

Private Chef, Female, German – EHS Ref #64919

  • Location: Ideally Berlin or London
  • Role: Permanent / Freelance / Rota
  • Availability: Immediate | Flexible working days
  • Status: Self-employed
  • Cuisines: Mediterranean, Asian, healthy clean cooking; gluten-, dairy- and sugar-free; strong focus on local produce
  • Profile: Calm, organised, and structured with excellent attention to detail; works cleanly and efficiently. Best suited to informal families with children, smaller teams, and ideally pets
  • Salary: €65,000–€85,000 or €38–€45 per hour

Private Chef, Male, British – EHS Ref #63293

  • Location: London-based, live-out
  • Availability: Monday–Friday (occasional weekends)
  • Cuisines: Classic French, Mediterranean, Asian, Chinese, Modern British, Japanese
  • Dietaries: Skilled in accommodating all dietary requirements and health-focused meal plans
  • Experience: 9 years in the Armed Forces — disciplined, dependable, and adaptable under pressure
  • Attributes: Patient, calm, professional, and solutions-oriented with a strong “can-do” attitude
  • Travel: Willing to travel internationally as required
  • Passport: UK
  • Availability: Immediate start
  • Salary expectation: £90,000 per annum

Private Chef, Male, British – EHS Ref #277

  • Location: Lincolnshire (happy to relocate / travel internationally)
  • Role: Permanent live-in
  • Availability: Immediate
  • Status: Freelance / Self-employed
  • Cuisines: Michelin-level modern European; international cuisines; extensive knowledge of all dietary requirements and intolerances
  • Profile: Highly experienced travelling Private Chef with a strong background in film and television productions, accustomed to long-term assignments and working with high-profile clients including actors, film stars, and dignitaries. Professional, adaptable, and discreet. Seeking a foodie family who enjoy entertaining and travel.
  • Salary: £85,000+

Private Chef, Male, British – EHS Ref #59248

  • Location: London
  • Role: Permanent
  • Availability: Immediate
  • Status: Freelance (seeking first permanent private household role)
  • Cuisines: Mediterranean, Modern European, Asian-inspired; gluten- and dairy-free
  • Strengths: Flexible to client needs; friendly, cooperative, and professional; maintains exceptionally clean and hygienic working practices
  • Travel: Happy to travel when required
  • Profile: An extremely calm and well-natured Private Chef seeking a permanent, London-based role, ideally Monday–Friday.  He would be a reliable and positive addition to a private household team.
  • Salary: £80,000
  • Day Rate: £350+

Private Chef/Cook, Female, Filipino/British – EHS Ref #63122

  • Location: Flexible (live-in)
  • Role: Permanent
  • Availability: Immediate
  • Working Pattern: Monday–Friday
  • Accommodation: Live-in (single accommodation)
  • Status: Private household experience
  • Cuisines: Mediterranean, Asian, Ottolenghi-style; gluten- and dairy-free
  • Profile: An experienced and reliable Private Chef/Cook with excellent long-term experience in private households. Dedicated, loyal, and a strong team player, she is highly adaptable and confident catering to dietary requirements. Known for her commitment and longevity in roles, she would be a dependable addition to a private household.
  • Travel: Happy to travel
  • Passports: Filipino & British
  • Salary: £60,000 per annum

 

Butlers

Contact Dan for details of any of the below dh@exclusivehouseholdstaff.com

Female Butler, 37 years old, Brazilian - EHS Ref #49268

  • VIP flight attendant background
  • A polished, proactive, and highly experienced private service professional
  • Available for both permanent and temporary roles
  • London based, willing to travel – available to start immediately
  • Salary expectation: £55,000 - £65,000

Butler/Valet, 40's, Italian – EHS Ref #1700

  • Over 13 years of experience serving Ultra-High-Net-Worth Individuals and luxury households across London, Monaco, the French Riviera, Singapore, Canada, and the United States
  • Highly skilled in delivering discreet, anticipatory, and personalised service
  • 1 month notice (may be more dependent on his current client’s schedule)
  • London based but willing to travel
  • Salary expectation is £80,000 - £90,000 gross per annum

Female Butler, 43 years old, French – EHS Ref #59837

  • Extensive luxury hospitality background, working in prestigious 5-star hotels for many years, as well as UHNW households
  • A natural leader, happy to supervise a household team as need, a great team player
  • London based, willing to travel
  • Salary expectation: £60,000 - £65,000
  • Available ASAP

 

House Managers, Estate Managers, Chief of Staff

Contact Donna or Hattie for details of any of the below da@exclusivehouseholdstaff.com or hp@exclusivehouseholdstaff.com

House Manager / PA, early 50s, British – EHS Ref #61369

  • PA/House Manager for a UHNW family: coordinated complex diaries, private travel (air/yacht), visas, household staff, and guest operations
  • Managed maintenance, contractors, budgets, utility accounts, procurement, and insurance/asset inventories
  • Oversaw high-value items, vehicles, art inventories, and daily estate operations
  • Provided driving and family support including chauffeuring, errands, and logistics for children’s activities
  • Founder & CEO of a luxury property management company overseeing private residences and high-end holiday homes
  • Delivered full property management services including refurbishment oversight, security, compliance, and staffing
  • Built and led teams of housekeepers, groundskeepers, and contractors; implemented service standards and long-term estate planning
  • Strong experience in risk assessment, team development, and high-pressure operational environments
  • Salary expectation: £70,000 (flexible)

House Manager, Male, French/British – EHS Ref #32130

  • Location: Currently based in France - open to roles in France or the UK
  • Role: Permanent
  • Availability: 1 month notice (possibly earlier)
  • Working Pattern: Flexible
  • Travel: Happy to travel internationally
  • Salary: €120,000 gross per annum
  • Passports: French & British
  • Profile: A discreet, highly proficient, and dedicated House Manager with extensive experience supporting Ultra-High-Net-Worth individuals and families in fast-paced, international private environments. Proven expertise in overseeing high-tech villas, luxury vehicles, yachts, and complex logistics, while maintaining absolute confidentiality and impeccable standards. Highly organised with excellent communication skills, a strong eye for detail, and confident in managing contractors and vendors. Flexible, solutions-driven, and trusted to “get the job done” within demanding households.

House Manager / Estate Manager, Female, French – EHS Ref #23493

  • Location: Europe (open to live-in or live-out roles)
  • Role: House Manager / Estate Manager
  • Availability: 2 weeks’ notice period
  • Languages: Excellent English, native French
  • Travel: Loves to travel
  • Professional Profile: Highly experienced House / Estate Manager with a strong background supporting Ultra-High-Net-Worth and Royal families in complex, multi-staff, private estate environments. Calm, resilient, and exceptionally organised, with proven ability to oversee large teams, manage operations across multiple departments, and maintain the highest standards of discretion and service. Seeking a long-term role on a private European estate with multiple properties.

House Manager / Butler, Male, French – EHS Ref #16016

  • Location: Europe (open to relocation)
  • Role: Permanent
  • Availability: Immediate
  • Working Pattern: Flexible
  • Travel: Happy to travel
  • Passport: French
  • Salary Expectation: €70,000–€90,000 per annum
  • Profile: Senior House Manager and highly qualified Butler with extensive experience supporting high-end, international private households. Possesses a strong multi-skilled profile combining administrative oversight with hands-on operational management. Calm, solutions-focused, and highly adaptable, with proven ability to meet the rigorous demands of UHNW principals with discretion, flexibility, and professionalism. Confident in handling complex situations and managing households to the highest standards.

House Manager, Male, British – EHS Ref #26719

  • Location: Open to London, Kent & Surrey roles
  • Role: Permanent
  • Availability: 2 weeks' notice
  • Working Pattern: Flexible
  • Passport: British
  • Profile: An experienced and highly reliable House Manager with exceptional longevity in previous roles. Known for a positive, solutions-focused attitude and a hands-on approach to staff training and development, consistently demonstrating an “always yes” mindset. Brings strong experience in global property management, with the ability to maintain high standards across multiple residences. A calm, dependable professional trusted to support principals and teams effectively.

 

Chauffeurs / Close Protection Officers 

Contact Emily or Hattie for any of the below candidate details eh@exclusivehouseholdstaff.com or hp@exclusivehouseholdstaff.com

Chauffeur/CPO, 41 years old, Afghan - EHS Ref #65013

  • Highly disciplined Close Protection and Luxury Chauffeur Specialist with extensive experience supporting UHNW families, executives, government officials, and celebrity clients across London
  • Certified MMA Instructor with exceptional physical readiness, situational control, and rapid response capability
  • Trusted for exceptional discretion, professionalism, and calm nature
  • Comfortable leading teams
  • Available to start with 2 weeks’ notice
  • Salary: £70,000, dependent on role (live out role)

Chauffeur, 33 years old, Romanian - EHS Ref #65459

  • Known for professionalism, loyalty, and high personal standards, with an excellent reference from his longest role (2018 – 2023)
  • Experienced, discreet, and service-focused professional Chauffeur with an extensive background supporting UHNW families, VIP principals, private households, and executive clients
  • Advanced London route knowledge
  • Available within 1 week, seeking a London-based, live-out Chauffeur role, £60,000-£75,000 salary

Security Chauffeur, 40 years old, British – EHS Ref #64209

  • Former Royal Marine with extensive Close Protection and high-level security experience for UHNW families, celebrities, and business executives
  • Highly skilled CPO/Driver with a proven track record in complex route planning, convoy driving, and operating luxury and armoured vehicles
  • Experienced working in fully staffed households, providing security, school runs, property management. and supporting principals and their families
  • Ideally seeking a rota position, 1 week on/off
  • Seeking a salary of £65,000-£70,000, has a 1-2 week notice period

Chauffeur/CPO, 50 years old, British – EHS Ref #64847

  • Excellent longevity, has just finished with a high-profile family, that he was with for nearly 10 years
  • Highly experienced in-house management, security operations, residential security management, project management, investigations, surveillance, and the installation of technical security systems
  • A keen motorcyclist, comfortable using these within a role
  • Based in Reading, happy commute into London, also open to a live-in role
  • Very flexible with working days and hours, used to working unsociable hours
  • £60,000-£70,000 salary, dependent on the role, happy to travel, and available with a 1 week notice

Close Protection Officer (CPO), late 30s, British – EHS Ref #64744

  • Former UK Police Sergeant, and current Close Protection Officer with extensive experience delivering discreet executive and family protection for UHNW individuals, public figures
  • Highly experienced in risk assessment, advance planning, including high-profile events and complex environments
  • Skilled in advance planning, risk assessment, international travel security, and residential protection
  • Calm, professional, and highly discreet, trusted to operate in high-profile and sensitive environments
  • Currently based in Dubai, open to relocation

Close Protection Officer (CPO), 40s, British – EHS Ref #54432

  • Provided close protection for political figures, celebrities, and UHNW principals
  • Delivered residential and mobile security for private households
  • Conducted risk assessments, vulnerability reviews, and security planning
  • Coordinated event security, secure logistics, and high-profile public appearances
  • Managed protective operations within multi-person security teams
  • Developed bespoke security protocols for estates and international travel
  • Served in hostile environment diplomatic protection roles
  • Led teams, trained personnel, and ensured SOP and compliance standards
  • Salary expectation: £70,000 – £85,000

 

Gardeners, Housepersons, Handypersons, Other

Contact Hattie for any of the below candidate details hp@exclusivehouseholdstaff.com

Personal Trainer, late 40s, New Zealand – EHS Ref #64280

  • Personal Trainer, Yoga & Pilates Instructor to UHNW and VVIP clients
  • Specialises in bespoke wellness programmes, focusing on weight management, lean muscle, flexibility, balance, and long-term lifestyle change
  • Extensive experience travelling full-time with principals, delivering high-frequency private training schedules, and adapting programmes across residences and international travel
  • Salary expectation: flexible

Head Gardener, 30s, British – EHS Ref #63373

  • Gardener for a distinguished 4-acre private estate, managing lawns, herbaceous borders, woodland areas, and a large ornamental lake
  • Oversees productive kitchen gardens and glasshouse cultivation, providing year-round fruit, vegetables, and speciality crops
  • Responsible for all seasonal planning, garden development, contractor coordination, and general estate upkeep
  • Previously maintained and enhanced 16 acres of formal and informal gardens for a private estate, including, wildflower meadows, woodland areas, and a lake
  • Designed and created seasonal displays, container planting, and large bedding schemes, ensuring vibrant presentation year-round
  • Oversaw gardens across three additional family properties to consistently high standards
  • Seeking a role near Guildford
  • Salary expectation: £40,000 – £50,000

 

Domestic Couples

Contact Debbie for any of the below candidate details dn@exclusivehouseholdstaff.com

Live-in Domestic Couple, early 50s, British – EHS Ref #65568

  • Outstanding Domestic Couple with nearly 20 years of private house experience 
  • Experience working with Titled principals/families 
  • Estate Management
  • Full Housekeeping duties
  • Caring for modern and antique furnishings, silverware, brass, and chandeliers
  • Groundskeeping of formal garden, orchard, woodlands, and meadows
  • Swimming pool maintenance
  • Lovely professional Couple seeking their forever role
  • Full family support
  • No dependants/pets
  • Available to start ASAP
  • Ideal location would be in the Home Counties or Birmingham

Live-in Domestic Couple, early 30s, British – EHS Ref #54468

  • Ex-Military Couple seeking a long-term role as a Domestic Couple
  • 12 years serving with British Army   
  • Private house experience on a large shooting estate
  • Full housekeeping duties
  • Wardrobe management
  • Event management
  • Pet care 
  • Fleet management
  • Cigar care
  • Laundry & ironing
  • Grounds maintenance
  • Driving duties
  • Available to start ASAP

 

PAs

Contact Hattie for any of the below candidate details hp@exclusivehouseholdstaff.com

Personal Assistant, 30s, Italian – EHS Ref #63036

  • PA to UHNW family: Experience leading staff coordination, contract and document reviews, travel arrangements, event support, and oversight of UK property visits
  • Liaised closely with senior office staff on administrative and organisational matters
  • Background in high-level administrative support within international institutions, including diary management, meeting coordination, document preparation
  • Looking for positions worldwide, currently based in Europe
  • Salary expectation: €60,000

Personal and Executive Assistant, 30s, British – EHS Ref #63511

  • Has experience managing international athlete schedules, travel, visas and tournament logistics
  • Primary contact for high-profile clients and executives, ensuring seamless communication and delivery of all commitments
  • Led planning and execution of major brand events, launches, sponsorship activations and media engagements
  • Negotiated and secured commercial partnerships, managed budgets, contracts and stakeholder relationships
  • Oversaw digital platforms for professional athletes, supporting commercial strategy and engagement
  • Delivered corporate events, managed budgets, supported senior leadership and internal programs
  • London based, willing to travel
  • Salary expectation: £70,000+

Personal Assistant, 30s, British – EHS Ref #62587

  • Freelance Talent Manager/Partnerships Consultant for private clients and agencies; managed brand partnerships, guest booking, content development, and influencer campaigns
  • Collaborated with major brands and contributed to pitch wins and long-term client relationships
  • Senior Talent Manager supporting high-profile clients
  • Managed all aspects of client diaries, travel, logistics, shoots, PR activity, brand deals, and financial administration
  • Negotiated partnerships, oversaw contracts, and built strong industry relationships with agents, publicists, broadcasters, and brands
  • London based, willing to travel
  • Salary expectation: £65,000

Private PA / EA, early 40s, British/Russian – EHS Ref #35875

  • EA for a Family Office: coordinated multi-time zone diaries, international travel, meeting support, and confidential correspondence
  • Private PA to UHNW family, oversaw private aviation, visas, security, multi-property operations, children’s schedules, and school admissions
  • Managed personal shopping, wardrobe organisation, gifting, luxury travel, and yacht holidays
  • Handled sensitive financial and legal administration including VAT and documentation
  • London based, willing to travel
  • Salary expectation: £85,000 adjustable

 

Housekeepers

Contact Debbie or Nicole for any of the below candidate details dn@exclusivehouseholdstaff.com or nj@exclusivehouseholdstaff.com

Housekeeper, late 30s, British – EHS Ref #25063

  • Full housekeeping duties
  • Laundry & ironing
  • Wardrobe management
  • Pet care
  • Grocery shopping
  • Cooking fresh, healthy meals
  • PA duties
  • First Aid trained
  • Seeking a role in Surrey, or surrounding areas

Housekeeper/Cook/Head Housekeeper, 41 years old, French – EHS Ref #20053

  • Exceptionally versatile professional with proven experience supporting UHNW principals both on land and at sea
  • Now actively seeking long-term, land-based opportunities following her most recent Stewardess placement aboard a 106ft private motor yacht
  • Combines refined service standards from the luxury yachting sector with strong administrative, operational, and PA capabilities, previously managing business and household affairs for a UHNW principal and luxury retail brand
  • Adept at delivering immaculate presentation standards, high-level client service, and guest experience across dynamic environments, with rota, laundress, hospitality, and event support experience
  • Brings exemplary organisational skills, discretion, and communication, having worked in both front-facing and back-of-house roles, including recruitment consultancy and personal administration
  • Fluent in English and French, highly adaptable and calm under pressure, with a strong problem-solving focus and reputation for maintaining first-class service delivery in fast-paced, high-expectation settings

Laundress, 63 years old, Latvian – EHS Ref #43232

  • Highly experienced Laundress with a long-standing career supporting UHNW households across London’s most prestigious postcodes, consistently trusted with the care of luxury garments and linens
  • Expert in handling delicate, high-value fabrics including silks, cashmere, and embellished couture items, with precise knowledge of specialist products and professional laundry systems
  • Skilled in full wardrobe management, seasonal rotation, repairs, organisation, and stock maintenance, ensuring garments are impeccably maintained and ready to wear at all times
  • Known for her methodical approach, discretion, and high attention to detail, delivering fast and efficient turnaround for both daily household requirements and urgent requests
  • Experienced working across multiple properties and seamlessly adapting to changing household needs, including supporting school uniform demands and coordinating dry cleaning with accountability

Housekeeper, 40 years old, Romanian – EHS Ref #59342

  • Proven ability to maintain exceptionally high standards of cleanliness, organisation, and presentation across large properties, including multi-bedroom residences with reception areas, gardens, and multiple bathrooms
  • Trusted to manage laundry, wardrobe organisation, and pet care independently, demonstrating discretion, reliability, and the ability to work under pressure in busy households
  • Flexible and adaptable professional, able to work full-time or part-time schedules, including weekends when required, with a collaborative approach in multi-staff environments
  • Experienced in providing attentive household support with patience, responsibility, and a nurturing approach, contributing to the smooth running of family homes and the well-being of residents

Housekeeper/Governess/PA, 46 years old, British - EHS Ref #64348

  • Seeking a full-time housekeeping-focused position, while remaining open to supporting families with PA, childcare or educational needs where required
  • Prefers to work core daytime hours (approximately 9am–5pm) to align with her own family commitments
  • Brings extensive private household experience, confidence in managing daily schedules, organisation, and maintaining high standards within the home
  • Offers a flexible and supportive approach, willing to contribute beyond core duties where needed, whilst prioritising a structured daytime rota

 

Nannies & Governesses

Contact Nicole for any of the below candidate details nj@exclusivehouseholdstaff.com

Nanny/Housekeeper, 33 years old, British / Filipino – EHS Ref #37344

  • Warm, reliable Nanny / Housekeeper with over 10 years’ experience supporting UHNW private households
  • Highly skilled in maintaining immaculate, well-organised homes, with strong expertise in deep cleaning, laundry, ironing, and wardrobe organisation
  • Confident managing day-to-day household routines, running errands, and ensuring a consistently welcoming home environment
  • Discreet, trustworthy, and detail-oriented
  • Known for working efficiently, independently, and building long-term relationships with families

Nanny/PA, 27 years old, British – EHS Ref #60872

  • A proactive and exceptionally organised Nanny/PA with over eight years’ private household experience, confidently supporting HNW families with both childcare and complex household management
  • Skilled in caring for children with additional and complex needs, creating structured development plans and liaising closely with medical and educational professionals to ensure tailored support
  • Highly capable in dual-capacity roles, balancing childcare duties with administrative and PA responsibilities including diary management, household logistics, staff coordination, and personal errands
  • Trusted to take full sole charge during extended parental absences, bringing energy, reliability, and strong initiative to every task within the home
  • Experienced in managing busy family life seamlessly – from travel and appointment coordination to menu planning, vehicle management, and pet care – providing smooth, day-to-day operational continuity

 

Temporary Staff 

Contact Dan or Emily for any of the below candidate details dh@exclusivehouseholdstaff.com or eh@exclusivehouseholdstaff.com

Temporary Butler – EHS Ref #38559

  • Over 30 years’ experience working for UHNW Households and 5* Hotels
  • Ideal Location: Anywhere as can drive
  • Flexible days and hours
  • Salary expectation: £27.50 gross per hour

Temporary Butler, 30’s, British – EHS Ref #37240

  • Has over 10 years’ experience working for British Royalty and many other UHNWI’s
  • Friendly, professional Butler
  • Experience of dinner parties, corporate events, private functions
  • Wales based but can travel
  • Salary expectation £25.00 GPH

Temporary Live-in Housekeeper, British, 45 years old – EHS Ref #25958

  • Seeking live in positions in the UK
  • Availability between 8th – 21st December, and after 3rd January

Temporary Housekeeper, Bulgarian, 45 years old – EHS Ref #17066

  • Seeking temp live-out positions in London, can travel for a live-in role, dependent on dates
  • Previously used on temp roles, over the last few years
  • £22-£25 gph

 

USA Candidates

Contact our USA desk for any of the below candidate details USA@exclusivehouseholdstaff.com

Full-time Chauffeur/CPO, Male, American, Mid 40’s - EHS Ref #45063

  • Experienced Chauffeur seeking work with 1 family in Florida or Dubai
  • Executive Close Protection Officer experience
  • Travels worldwide with HNWI’s
  • Professional Heavyweight Boxer
  • G Armed Security License
  • C Private Investigator License
  • Law enforcement certification
  • HR-218 Firearms certification
  • Seeking a long-term role, building a professional working relationship with a family
  • Available to start immediately

Full-time House Manager/PA/Estate Manager, Female, American, mid 40’s, No Commitments - EHS Ref #54563

  • Fantastic and professional candidate seeking a long-term role in New York
  • Speaks English and Mongolian
  • Dedicated and detail-orientated Estate Manager/Executive Assistant
  • Amazing longevity
  • Oversees daily operations of high-end luxury properties and homes, managing household staff, coordinating maintenance and repairs, and ensuring property security
  • Happy to travel
  • Salary expectation $150,000+
  • Available to start immediately

Private Chef, Male, American - EHS Ref #55205

  • Are you looking for a Private Chef based in NYC?
  • Michelin experience, but loves rustic sharing platters
  • Veg focused
  • Fridge-filling, dinner parties, and functions
  • Happy to travel - current STCW
  • All cuisines - loves local markets
  • Salary expectation $180,000-$200,000

Nanny/Governess, American, 60's - EHS Ref #43007 

  • Excellent longevity – 14 years working with previous UHNW family
  • Very flexible with duties, can grow with the family – offering Nanny duties and evolve into a Governess as the children grow
  • Very open to location – willing to relocate within the USA or UAE
  • Salary expectation: open to negotiation on package but ideally looking to achieve upwards of $120,000 per annum

Maternity Nurse, 40's, New York based but open to travel - EHS REF #37058

  • Maternity Nurse/Postnatal Doula based in NYC with over 20 years of experience within the childcare industry
  • Happy to travel globally for assignments, working 24/5 or 24/6
  • Experience with individual babies as well as multiple
  • Ideal salary - $600.00 per day

Housekeeper, 47 years old, based in Austin, Texas - EHS Ref #44655

  • Local Austin Housekeeper who has owned her own business for almost 20 years – working with the same clients for the entire duration
  • Energetic, motivated, thoroughly enjoys cleaning and organizing homes
  • Fantastic abilities in all aspects of housekeeping and laundry
  • Salary - $25.00 per hour

Temporary Housekeeper/Chef, USA - EHS Ref #16634

  • Over 20 years’ experience catering for prestigious guests in San Francisco, New Orleans, and New York
  • Ideal Location: Flexible
  • Flexible days and hours
  • Salary expectation: US$70,000-$80,000

Temporary Housekeeper/Cook, USA - EHS Ref #4898

  • Highly motivated and capable House Manager / Housekeeper / Cook
  • Excellent all round Housekeeper
  • Managerial, organisational skills in all aspects of private household management
  • Good all-round cleaning and cooking skills, tidy and hygienic, works to the highest of standards